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Colin H. Hansen, Scott D. Snyder, "Active Control of Noise and Vibration" |
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Published by E & FN
Spoon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN,
UK, first edition, 1997 |
Preface (XVIII) |
| Acknowledgements (XX) | |
| 1. Background (1) | |
| 1.1. Introduction and potential applications (1) | |
| 1.2. Overview of active control systems (6) | |
| 2. Fundamentals of acoustics and vibration (13) | |
| 2.1. Acoustic wave equation (13) | |
| 2.2. Structural mechanics: fundamentals (27) | |
| 2.3. Vibration of continuous systems (42) | |
| 2.4. Structural sound radiation, sound propagation, and Green's functions (92) | |
| 2.5. Impedance and intensity (117) | |
| 3. Spectral analysis (190) | |
| 3.1. Digital filtering (190) | |
| 3.2. Digital Fourier analysis (193) | |
| 3.3. Signal types (202) | |
| 3.4. Convolution (204) | |
| 3.5. Important frequency domain functions (207) | |
| 4. Modal analysis (211) | |
| 4.1. Modal analysis: analytical (211) | |
| 4.2. Modal analysis: experimental (228) | |
| 4.3. Modal amplitude determination from system response measurements (252) | |
| 5. Modern control review (260) | |
| 5.1. Introduction (260) | |
| 5.2. System arrangements (260) | |
| 5.3. State space system models for feedback control (267) | |
| 5.4. Discrete time system models for feedback control (279) | |
| 5.5. Frequency domain analysis of poles, zeros and system response (305) | |
| 5.6. Controllability and observability (319) | |
| 5.7. Control law design via pole placement (331) | |
| 5.8. Optimal control (337) | |
| 5.9. Observer design (347) | |
| 5.10. Random processes revisited (353) | |
| 5.11. Optimal observe: the Kalman filter (362) | |
| 5.12. Combined control law/observer: compensator design (365) | |
| 6. Feedforward control system design (374) | |
| 6.1. Introduction (374) | |
| 6.2. What does feedforward control do? (376) | |
| 6.3. Fixed characteristic feedforward control systems (379) | |
| 6.4. Waveform synthesis (379) | |
| 6.5. The non-recursive FIR deterministic gradient descent algorithm (393) | |
| 6.6. The LMS algorithm (407) | |
| 6.7. Adaptive filtering in the frequency domain (418) | |
| 6.8. Single channel filtered-x LMS algorithm (421) | |
| 6.9. The multiple input, multiple output filtered-x LMS algorithm (460) | |
| 6.10. Cancellation path transfer function estimation (480) | |
| 6.11. Adaptive signal processing using recursive (IIR) filters (485) | |
| 6.12. Application of adaptive IIR filters to active control systems (494) | |
| 6.13. Adaptive filtering using artificial neural networks (513) | |
| 6.14. Neural network based feedforward active control systems (523) | |
| 6.15. Adaptive filtering using a genetic algorithm (538) | |
| 7. Active control of noise propagating in ducts (553) | |
| 7.1. Introduction (553) | |
| 7.2.Control system implementation (557) | |
| 7.3. Harmonic (or periodic) plane waves (576) | |
| 7.4. Higer order modes (609) | |
| 7.5. Acoustuc measurements in ducts (629) | |
| 7.6. Sound radiated from exhaust outlets (637) | |
| 7.7. Control of pressure pulsations in liquid filled ducts (641) | |
| 7.8. Active headsets and hearing protectors (642) | |
| 8. Active control of free field sound radiation (659) | |
| 8.1. Introduction (659) | |
| 8.2. Control of harmonic sound pressure at a point (661) | |
| 8.3. The minimum acoustic power output of two free field monopole sources (667) | |
| 8.4. Active control of acoustic radiation from multiple primary monopole sources using multiple control monopole sources (681) | |
| 8.5. The effect of transducer location (691) | |
| 8.6. Reference sensor location considerations (697) | |
| 8.7. The active control of harmonic sound radiation from planar structures: general problem formulation (704) | |
| 8.8. An example: control of sound radiation from a rectangular panel (726) | |
| 8.9. Electrical transformer noise control (737) | |
| 8.10. A closer look at control mechanisms and a common link among all active control systems (739) | |
| 8.11. Sensing vibration to minimize acoustic radiation (762) | |
| 8.12. Some notes on approaching the design of an active control system for sound radiation from a vibrating surface (774) | |
| 8.13. Active control of free field random noise (780) | |
| 8.14. Active control of impact acceleration noise (792) | |
| 8.15. Feedback control of sound radiation from vibrating structures (803) | |
| 9. Active control of enclosed sound fields (817) | |
| 9.1. Introduction (817) | |
| 9.2. Control of harmonic sound fields in rigid enclosures at discrete locations (826) | |
| 9.3. Global control of sound fields in rigid enclosures (826) | |
| 9.4. Control of sound fields in coupled enclosures at discrete locations (839) | |
| 9.5. Minimization of acoustic potential energy in coupled enclosures (849) | |
| 9.6. Calculation of optimal control source volume velocities using boundary element methods (852) | |
| 9.7. Control mechanisms (860) | |
| 9.8. Influence of control source and error sensor arrangement (877) | |
| 9.9. Controlling vibration to control sound transmission (882) | |
| 9.10. The influence of modal density (889) | |
| 9.11. Control of sound at point in enclosures with high modal densities (897) | |
| 9.12. State space models of acoustic systems (906) | |
| 9.13. Aircraft interior noise (909) | |
| 9.14. Automobile interior noise (916) | |
| 10. Feedforward control of vibration in beams and plates (924) | |
| 10.1. Infinite beam (927) | |
| 10.2. Finite beam (944) | |
| 10.3. Active control of vibration in a semi-infinite plate (972) | |
| 11. Feedbackcontrol of flexible structures described in terms of modes (989) | |
| 11.1. Introduction (989) | |
| 11.2. Modal control (990) | |
| 11.3. Independent modal space control (1015) | |
| 11.4. Co-located controllers (1024) | |
| 11.5. A brief note on model reduction (1026) | |
| 11.6. Sensor and actuator placement considerations (1030) | |
| 12. Vibration isolation (1043) | |
| 12.1. Introduction (1043) | |
| 12.2. Feedback control (1049) | |
| 12.3. Applications of feedback control (1089) | |
| 12.4. Feedforward control: basic SDOF system (1118) | |
| 12.5. Feedforward control: single isolator between a rigid body and a flexible beam (1122) | |
| 12.6. Feedforward control: multiple isolators between a rigid body and a flexible plate (1131) | |
| 12.7. Feedforward control: multiple isolators between a rigid body and a flexible cylinder (1145) | |
| 12.8. feedforward control: summary (1154) | |
| 13. A few electronic implementation issues (1162) | |
| 13.1. The analogue/digital interface (1163) | |
| 13.2. Microprocessor selection (1170) | |
| 13.3. Software considerations (1172) | |
| 14. Sound sources and sound sensors (1173) | |
| 14.1. Loudspeakers (1173) | |
| 14.2. Horns (1173) | |
| 14.3. Omni-directional microphones (1179) | |
| 14.4. Directional microphones (1183) | |
| 14.5. Turbulence filtering sensors (1188) | |
| 15. Vibration sensors and vibration sources (1196) | |
| 15.1. Accelerometers (1196) | |
| 15.2. Velocity transducers (1204) | |
| 15.3. Displacement transducers (1206) | |
| 15.4. Strain sensors (1208) | |
| 15.5. Hydraulic actuators (1121) | |
| 15.6. Pneumatic actuators (1222) | |
| 15.7. Proof mass actuator (1223) | |
| 15.8. Electrodynamic and electromagnetic actuators (1223) | |
| 15.9. Magnetostrictive actuators (1225) | |
| 15.10. Shape memory alloy actuators (1228) | |
| 15.11 Piezoelectric (electrostrictive ) actuators (1230) | |
| 15.12. Smart structures (1242) | |
| 15.13. Electrorheological fluids (1242) | |
| Appendix. A brief review of some results of linear algebra (1246) | |
| A1. Matrices and vectors (1246) | |
| A2. Addition, substraction and multiplication by a scalar (1247) | |
| A3. Multiplication of matrices (1248) | |
| A4. Transposition (1249) | |
| A5. Detreminants (1249) | |
| A6. Matrix inverses (1250) | |
| A7. Rank of a matrix (1251) | |
| A8. Positive and non-negative definite matrices (1251) | |
| A9. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors (1252) | |
| A10. Orthogonality (1252) | |
| A11. Vector norms (1253) | |
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